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The fourth industrial revolution is rapidly changing the manufacturinglandscape. Due to the growing research and fast evolution in this field, noclear definitions of these concepts yet exist. This work provides a cleardescription of technological trends and gaps. We introduce a novel method tocreate a map of Industry 4.0 technologies, using natural language processing toextract technology terms from 14,667 research articles and applying networkanalysis. We identified eight clusters of Industry 4.0 technologies, whichserved as the basis for our analysis. Our results show that Industrial Internetof Things (IIoT) technologies have become the center of the Industry 4.0technology map. This is in line with the initial definitions of Industry 4.0,which centered on IIoT. Given the recent growth in the importance of artificialintelligence (AI), we suggest accounting for AI's fundamental role in Industry4.0 and understanding the fourth industrial revolution as an AI-powered naturalcollaboration between humans and machines. This article introduces a novelapproach for literature reviews, and the results highlight trends and researchgaps to guide future work and help these actors reap the benefits of digitaltransformations.

Mapping Industry 4.0 Technologies: From Cyber-Physical Systems to Artificial Intelligence