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We review some of the main results of the quantum field theoretical approachto neutrino mixing and oscillations. We show that the quantum field theoreticalframework, where flavor vacuum is defined, permits to give a precise definitionof flavor states as eigenstates of (non-conserved) lepton charges. We obtainthe exact oscillation formula which in the relativistic limit reproduces thePontecorvo oscillation formula and illustrate some of the contradictionsarising in the quantum mechanics approximation. We show that the gauge theorystructure underlies the neutrino mixing phenomenon and that there existentanglement between mixed neutrinos. The flavor vacuum is found to be anentangled generalized coherent state of SU(2). We also discuss flavor energyuncertainty relations, which imposes a lower bound on the precision of neutrinoenergy measurements and we show that the flavor vacuum inescapably emerges incertain classes of models with dynamical symmetry breaking.

Neutrino mixing and oscillations in quantum field theory: a comprehensive introduction