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Resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a powerfulimaging technique for studying functional development of the brain in utero.However, unpredictable and excessive movement of fetuses has limited clinicalapplication since it causes substantial signal fluctuations which cansystematically alter observed patterns of functional connectivity. Previousstudies have focused on the accurate estimation of the motion parameters incase of large fetal head movement and used a 3D single step interpolationapproach at each timepoint to recover motion-free fMRI images. This does notguarantee that the reconstructed image corresponds to the minimum errorrepresentation of fMRI time series given the acquired data. Here, we propose anovel technique based on four dimensional iterative reconstruction of thescattered slices acquired during fetal fMRI. The accuracy of the proposedmethod was quantitatively evaluated on a group of real clinical fMRI fetuses.The results indicate improvements of reconstruction quality compared to theconventional 3D interpolation approach.

4D iterative reconstruction of brain fMRI in the moving fetus