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Faithfully representing small gate delay variations caused by inputswitchings on different inputs in close temporal proximity is a verychallenging task for digital delay models. In this paper, we use the example ofa 2-input NOR gate to show that a simple hybrid model leads to a surprisinglyaccurate digital delay model. Our model utilizes simple first-order ordinarydifferential equations (ODEs) in all modes, resulting from consideringtransistors as ideal switches in a simple RC model of the gate. By analyticallysolving the resulting ODEs, we derive expressions for the gate delays, as wellas formulas that facilitate model parametrization. It turns out that our modelalmost faithfully captures the Charlie effect, except in just one specificsituation. In addition, we experimentally compare our model's predictions bothto SPICE simulations, using some 15 nm technology, and to some existing delaymodels. Our results show a significant improvement of the achievable modelingaccuracy.

A Simple Hybrid Model for Accurate Delay Modeling of a Multi-Input Gate