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This paper presents the development and benchmarking of a novel real-timeelectromagnetic-transient and transient-stability (EMT-TS) modelingarchitecture for distribution feeder restoration studies. The work presents forthe first time in the literature a real-time EMT-TS testbed in which thegrid-forming unit is simulated in EMT domain, operating as the slack bus of thephasor domain while including unbalanced voltage conditions. To evaluate theperformance and limitations of the proposed model, an equivalent EMT testbed isdeveloped to serve as a benchmark. First, the co-simulation framework and thedomain coupling methodology are introduced. Next, the steady-state operation ofthe EMT-TS and EMT models are matched. Then, tests are conducted to analyze thetransient performance of the proposed EMT-TS model when compared to its EMTbenchmark. Results reveal that when utilizing a battery energy storage system(BESS) as the grid-forming unit, the EMT-TS testbed can maintain high accuracyfor typical load steps.

Novel Real-Time EMT-TS Modeling Architecture for Feeder Blackstart Simulations