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Acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM) is a promising tool formicrovascular imaging. In the focal region, resolution of AR-PAM is determinedby the ultrasound transducer and ultimately limited by acoustic diffraction. Inthe out-of-focus region, resolution deteriorates with increasing distance fromthe focal plane, which restricts depth of focus (DOF). Besides, a trade-offexists between resolution and DOF. Previously, synthetic aperture focusingtechnique (SAFT) and/or deconvolution methods have been demonstrated to enhanceAR-PAM images. However, they suffer from issues in low resolution, lowsignal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and/or poor image fidelity. Here, we propose anovel algorithm for AR-PAM to enhance image resolution, SNR, and fidelity. Thealgorithm consists of a Fourier accumulation SAFT (FA-SAFT) and a directionalmodel-based (D-MB) deconvolution method. Inspired from Fourier denoisingtechnique and directional SAFT, FA-SAFT mainly compensates for the defocusingeffect. Besides, D-MB deconvolution enhances the resolution as well aspreserves the image fidelity, especially for the objects with line patternssuch as microvasculature. Full width at half maximum of 26-31 um over DOF of1.8 mm and minimum resolvable distance of 46-49 um are experimentally achievedby imaging tungsten wire phantom. Moreover, imaging of leaf skeleton phantomand in vivo imaging of mouse blood vessels also prove that our algorithm iscapable of providing high-resolution, high-SNR, and good-fidelity results forcomplex structures and for in vivo applications.

Image enhancement in acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy enabled by a novel directional algorithm