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In this paper, we consider an integrated data and energy network and D2Dcommunication coexistence (DED2D) system. The DED2D system allows a basestation (BS) to transfer data to information-demanded users (IUs) and energy toenergy-demanded users (EUs), i.e., using a time-fraction-based information andenergy transfer (TFIET) scheme. Furthermore, the DED2D system enables D2Dcommunications to share spectrum with the BS. Therefore, the DED2D systemaddresses the growth of energy and spectrum demands of the next generationnetworks. However, the interference caused by the D2D communications andpropagation loss of wireless links can significantly degrade the datathroughput of IUs. To deal with the issues, we propose to deploy an intelligentreflecting surface (IRS) in the DED2D system. Then, we formulate anoptimization problem that aims to optimize the information beamformer for theIUs, energy beamformer for EUs, time fractions of the TFIET, transmit power ofD2D transmitters, and reflection coefficients of the IRS to maximize IUs' worsethroughput while satisfying the harvested energy requirement of EUs and D2Drate threshold. The max-min throughput optimization problem is computationallyintractable, and we develop an alternating descent algorithm to resolve it withlow computational complexity. The simulation results demonstrate theeffectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Intelligence Reflecting Surface-Aided Integrated Data and Energy Networking Coexisting D2D Communications