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Hyperbolic metasurfaces based on van der Waals (vdW) materials supportpropagation of extremely anisotropic polaritons towards nanoscale lightcompression and manipulation, and thus has great potential in the applicationsof planar hyperlens, nanolasing, quantum optics and ultrasensitive infraredspectroscopy. Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as a vdWmetasurface can manipulate the propagation of hyperbolic polaritons at thelevel of single atomic layers, possessing higher degree of field confinementand lower losses than the conventional media. However, active manipulation ofhyperbolic polaritonic waves in h-BN midinfrared metasurfaces remains elusive.Herein, we provide an effective strategy for constructing tunable mid-infraredhyperbolic vdW metasurfaces (HMSs). They are composed of meta-atoms that arethe in-plane heterostructures of thin-layer h-BN and monolayer graphene strips(iHBNG). The strong coupling of h-BN phonons and graphene plasmons enables thelarge tunability of light fields by tailoring chemical potentials of graphenewithout frequency shift, which involves topological transitions of polaritonicmodes, unidirectional polariton propagation and local-density-of-stateenhancement. Simulated visual near-field distributions of iHBNG metasurfacesreveal the unique transformations of hyperbolic polariton propagations,distinguished from that of individual h-BN and graphene metasurfaces. Ourfindings provide a platform of optical nanomanipulation towards emergingon-chip polaritonic devices.

Tunable mid-infrared hyperbolic van der Waals metasurfaces by strong plasmon-phonon polaritons coupling