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The prospects of utilizing single-carrier (SC) and multi-carrier (MC)waveforms in future terahertz (THz)-band communication systems remainunresolved. On the one hand, the limited multi-path components at highfrequencies result in frequency-flat channels that favor low-complexitywideband SC systems. On the other hand, frequency-dependent molecularabsorption and transceiver characteristics and the existence of multi-pathcomponents in indoor sub-THz systems can still result in frequency-selectivechannels, favoring off-the-shelf MC schemes such as orthogonalfrequency-division multiplexing (OFDM). Variations of SC/MC designs result indifferent THz spectrum utilization, but spectral efficiency is not the primaryconcern with substantial available bandwidths; baseband complexity, powerefficiency, and hardware impairment constraints are predominant. This paperpresents a comprehensive study of SC/MC modulations for THz communications,utilizing an accurate wideband THz channel model and highlighting the variousperformance and complexity trade-offs of the candidate schemes. Simulationsdemonstrate that discrete-Fourier-transform spread orthogonal time-frequencyspace (DFT-s-OTFS) achieves a lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) thanOFDM and OTFS and enhances immunity to THz impairments and Doppler spreads, butat an increased complexity cost. Moreover, DFT-s-OFDM is a promising candidatethat increases robustness to THz impairments and phase noise (PHN) at a lowPAPR and overall complexity.

Single- versus Multi-Carrier Terahertz-Band Communications: A Comparative Study