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The vortex phases in type-II superconductors are very important since theydetermine many magnetic and electric properties of the parent compound.However, a universal tool to characterize the vortex phases is still lacking.We demonstrate in a type-II superconductors YBa2Cu3O7-x polycrystal sample thatits vortex phases and phase boundaries can be comprehensively studied by amagnetoelectric technique. In this method, a thin piezoelectric material0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3(PMN-PT) is mechanically bonded with YBa2Cu3O7-xto form a laminate structure and act as a strain gauge. The phase diagram ofthe YBa2Cu3O7-x polycrystalline was explored by this method. Surprisingly, itcan accurately estimate the Hc1, irreversible line, Hc2 and distinguish amongvortex glass, vortex liquid, non-vortex states. Moreover, it can probe thedynamic response under different frequencies and observe the thresholdphenomena of vortex liquid phase. It can even account for the density ofvortices in the vortex solid phase. Our technique is readily extended toinvestigate the vortex phases in other type-II superconductors.

Comprehensive characterizing of vortex phases in type-II superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-x by a magnetoelectric technique