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This work investigates the extent to which phase change material (PCM) in thebuilding's envelope can be used as an alternative to battery storage systems toincrease self-consumption of rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) generation. Inparticular, we explore the electricity cost-savings and increase in PVself-consumption that can be achieved by using PCMs and the operation of theheating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system optimised by a homeenergy management system (HEMS). In more detail, we consider a HEMS with anHVAC system, rooftop PV, and a PCM layer integrated into the building envelope.The objective of the HEMS optimisation is to minimise electricity costs whilemaximising PV self-consumption and maintaining the indoor building temperaturein a preferred comfort range. Solving this problem is challenging due to PCM'snonlinear characteristics, and using methods that can deal with the resultingnon-convexity of the optimisation problem, like dynamic programming iscomputationally expensive. Therefore, we use multi-timescale approximatedynamic programming (MADP) that we developed in our earlier work to explore anumber of Australian PCM scenarios. Specifically, we analyse a large number ofresidential buildings across five Australian capital cities. We find that usingPCM can reduce annual electricity costs by between 10.6% in Brisbane and 19% inAdelaide. However, somewhat surprisingly, using PCM reduces PV self-consumptionby between 1.5% in Brisbane and 2.7% in Perth.

Can phase change materials in building insulation improve self-consumption of residential rooftop solar? An Australian case study