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In this paper, we address the digitization of physical assets usingblockchain technology focusing on energy and peer-to-peer trading ondecentralized energy markets. Because they are forward markets and operate on aday-ahead timeline, the energy transactions are settled only at the movement ofenergy delivery. Having the option of locking the energy tokens by athird-party escrow becomes a highly desirable feature. Thus, we define aLockable ERC20 token that provides the option for an owner to lock some of itstokens using smart contracts. A time-lock and an escrow party account or smartcontract can be specified allowing the tokens to be unlocked when certainbusiness conditions are met. For validation purposes, we have considered apeer-to-peer energy trading scenario in which the Lockable ERC20 token was usedto digitize the surplus of energy of prosumers. In this case, the energy tokenscommitted in blockchain transactions are successfully locked up until theactual delivery of energy, the settlement considering the monitored data ofenergy meters.

A Lockable ERC20 Token for Peer to Peer Energy Trading