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Flow-focusing devices have gained great interest in the past decade, due totheir capability to produce monodisperse microbubbles for diagnostic andtherapeutic medical ultrasound applications. However, up-scaling production toindustrial scale requires a paradigm shift from single chip operation to highlyparallelized systems. Parallelization gives rise to fluidic interactionsbetween nozzles that, in turn, may lead to a decreased monodispersity. Here, westudy the velocity and pressure field fluctuations in a single flow-focusingnozzle during bubble production. We experimentally quantify the velocity fieldinside the nozzle at 100 ns time resolution, and a numerical model providesinsight into both the oscillatory velocity and pressure fields. Our resultsdemonstrate that, at the length scale of the flow focusing channel, thevelocity oscillations propagate at fluid dynamical time scale (order ofmicroseconds) whereas the dominant pressure oscillations are linked to thebubble pinch-off and propagate at a much faster time scale (order ofnanoseconds).

Time-resolved velocity and pressure field quantification in a flow-focusing device for ultrafast microbubble production