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We investigate the role of inhomogeneous field configurations in systems witha spontaneously broken continuous global symmetry. Spontaneous breaking isusually defined as a specific double limit, first infinite volume at finiteexplicit breaking sources, which are then extrapolated to zero. We consider adifferent approach in which the order parameter is constrained under the pathintegral, which we simulate using lattice Monte Carlo techniques. In this waywe access the flat region of the effective potential and we show thatinhomogeneous configurations are dominant there. We topologically classify theimportant configurations and measure the excess energy stored in theinhomogeneities allowing for the definition of a generalized differentialsurface tension. We show that this contribution becomes negligible at largevolumes restoring the flatness of the effective potential in the thermodynamiclimit.

Role of inhomogeneities in the flattening of the quantum effective potential