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Supercritical water desalination (SCWD) is an alternative zero-liquiddischarge desalination technique that can overcome many technical andenvironmental challenges in common desalination processes. Our recenttechno-economic analyses on the process integration and intensification of anSCWD process suggest that SCWD can be an economically competitive zero-liquiddischarge desalination technique for highly concentrated brines. In addition tothese attractive features, this work explores the possibility of utilizing theSCWD process for the selective recovery of industrially essential materials asco-products. Model brines containing sodium chloride, neodymium chloride, andother sodium-containing salts, are examined as model feeds from 25 to 450 C at25 MPa. The sodium contents in the effluent were not sensitive to the presenceother salts, but that of neodymium was. When sodium acetate was added,water-insoluble precipitates were obtained. The characterization of thesedeposits using gas pycnometer, FT-IR, SEM/EDS, and XRD indicates that theprecipitates mainly contain neodymium hydroxide and some low-concentrationimpurities. These results suggest that an SCWD process has the potential torecover critical materials while producing freshwater.

Selective recovery of critical materials in supercritical water desalination