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Prior to provisioning sensor data to smart contracts, a pre-processing of thedata on intermediate off-chain nodes is often necessary. When doing so,originally constructed cryptographic signatures cannot be verified on-chainanymore. This exposes an opportunity for undetected manipulation and presents aproblem for applications in the Internet of Things where trustworthy sensordata is required on-chain. In this paper, we propose trustworthy pre-processingas enabler for end-to-end sensor data integrity in data on-chaining workflows.We define requirements for trustworthy pre-processing, present a model andcommon workflow for data on-chaining, select off-chain computation utilizingZero-knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) and Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) aspromising solution approaches, and discuss both our proof-of-conceptimplementations and initial experimental, comparative evaluation results. Theimportance of trustworthy pre-processing and principle solution approaches arepresented, addressing the major problem of end-to-end sensor data integrity inblockchain-based IoT applications.

Trustworthy Pre-Processing of Sensor Data in Data On-chaining Workflows for Blockchain-based IoT Applications