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Momentum microscopy (MM) is a novel way of performing angular-resolvedphotoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES). Combined with time-of-flight (ToF) energyrecording, its high degree of parallelization is advantageous for photon-hungryexperiments like ARPES at X-ray energies and spin-resolved ARPES. This articleintroduces into the spin-resolved variant of ToF-MM and illustrates itsperformance by selected examples obtained in different spectral ranges. In amultidimensional view of the photoemission process, spectral density function$\rho(k,E_B)$, spin polarization $P(k,E_B)$ and related quantities of circulardichroism in the angular distribution (CDAD) are part of the completeexperiment, a concept adopted from atomic photoemission. We show examples ofspin-resolved valence-band mapping in the UV, VUV, soft- and hard-X-ray range.Spin mapping of the Heusler compounds Co$_2$MnGa andCo$_2$Fe$_{0.4}$Mn$_{0.6}$Si at $h\nu=6$~eV prove that the second compound is ahalf-metallic ferromagnet. Analysis of the Tamm state on Re(0001) usingVUV-excitation reveals a Rashba-type spin texture. Bulk band structureincluding Fermi surface, Fermi velocity distribution $v_F(k,E_F)$, full CDADtexture and spin signature of W(110) have been derived via tomographic mappingwith soft X-rays. Hard X-rays enable accessing large k$_{par}$-regions so thatthe final-state sphere crosses many Brillouin zones in $k$-space with different$k_z$. At $h\nu=5.3$~keV this fast 4D mapping mode (at fixed $h\nu$) revealedthe temperature dependence of the Fermi surface of the Kondo systemYbRh$_2$Si$_2$. Probing the true bulk spin polarization of Fe$_3$O$_4$ at$h\nu=5$~keV proved its half-metallic nature. The emerging method of ToF-MMwith fs X-ray pulses from a free-electron laser enables simultaneous valence,core-level and photoelectron diffraction measurements in the ultrafast regime.

Spin- and time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and diffraction studies using time-of-flight momentum microscopes