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The high penetration of converter-based renewable energy sources has broughtchallenges to the power system frequency control. It is essential to considerthe frequency security constraints and frequency control reserve requirementsin unit commitment (UC). Considering that the risk of frequency insecurityvaries under the changeable operational condition, we propose to optimize thePFC droop gains and reserve capacities in the UC model to provide diversecontrol efforts in different risk levels adaptively. Copula theory is used toestablish the joint distribution model among frequency control performance,secondary frequency control (SFC) reserve capacities, and power fluctuations.Then the distributionally robust optimization technique is utilized in the SFCreserve requirement determination to handle the possible error in theprobability model. The UC simulation is conducted on IEEE 118-bus system totest the proposed optimal PFC droop gain strategy and SFC reserve requirementquantification method. Simulation results show that the proposed optimal PFCdroop gain strategy is better than the traditional fixed PFC droop gain settingon economic efficiency and operational flexibility. Besides, the SFC reserverequirement calculated by the proposed method is more appropriate than theactual SFC reserve capacity in the historical operation.

Modeling of Frequency Security Constraints and Quantification of Frequency Control Reserve Requirements for Unit Commitment