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This paper is devoted to the micro-mechanical origins of the highcompressibility of brittle tubular particle assemblies. The material isextremely porous due to the presence of a large hole within the tube-shapedparticle. The release of the inner void, protected by a fragile shell, givesthe material a very strong ability to compress. The compressive response isinvestigated by means of the Discrete Element Method, DEM, usingcrushable-elements. To address the complexity of the model, a step-by-stepbreak-down is developed. The paper comprises the comparison of the numericalresults with both results obtained by the authors and existing experiments.With the insights provided by the DEM, we have sought to better understand thephenomena that originate at the grain scale, and that govern macroscopicbehaviour. Grain breakage was proven to control the compressive behaviour, andthus, the importance of internal pores dominates the inter-particle voids.Then, a novel concept of compressibility analysis has been proposed using theseparation of the double porosity and the quantification of the pore collapsethrough primary grain breakage. Finally, a general, geometrical development ofa semi-analytical model has been proposed aiming the prediction of theevolution of double porosity vs axial strain.

High compression of granular assemblies of brittle hollow tubular particles