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Cities play different roles depending on their location within the transportnetwork. Two cities of similar size might have distinct characteristics if oneis located on a corridor between two capitals and the other is near a barrier,such as a mountain range. The level of intermediacy is a property of citiesthat characterises their position in the urban network. We measure the level ofintermediacy of African cities by constructing the road infrastructure networkobtained from OpenStreetMap. The infrastructure network allows defining citymetrics such as degree and centrality. A proxy for the number of journeys thatflow through each network edge is approximated using a mathematical model basedon the level of attraction or gravity between all pairs of cities. Our modelconsiders the extra time of crossing an international border as a parameterthat enables us to proxy the cost of having fragmented regions with costlypolitical barriers. Our results show that small cities have a wide range ofintermediacy. We detect a phase transition where cities with less than onemillion inhabitants have a centrality that depends on the size and degree. Forcities above one million inhabitants, centrality tends to be larger anddepending primarily on city size rather than degree.

Detecting cities with high intermediacy in the African urban network