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There has been a longstanding expectation that the optical resolutionembodiment of photoacoustic tomography could have a substantial impact ongastrointestinal endoscopy by enabling microscopic visualization of thevasculature based on the endogenous contrast mechanism. Although multiplestudies have demonstrated the in vivo imaging capability of a developed imagingdevice over the last decade, the implementation of such an endoscopic systemthat can be applied immediately when necessary via the instrument channel of avideo endoscope has been a challenge. In this study, we developed a 3.38 mmdiameter catheter based, integrated optical resolution photoacoustic andultrasonic miniprobe system and successfully demonstrated its intrainstrumentchannel workability for the standard 3.7 mm diameter instrument channel of aclinical video endoscope based on a swine model. Through the instrumentchannel, we acquired the first in vivo photoacoustic and ultrasonic dual modeendoscopic images from the esophagogastric junction, which is one of the mostfrequently cited anatomical sites in the gastrointestinal tract in relation toBarretts esophagus. Moreover, from a rat colorectum in vivo imaging experiment,we visualized hierarchically developed mesh like capillary networks with a holesize as small as 50 microns, which suggests the potential level of imagedetails that could be photoacoustically provided in clinical settings in thefuture.

Intra-instrument channel workable, optical- resolution photoacoustic and ultrasonic mini-probe system for clinical gastrointestinal endoscopy