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Spatial mode (de)multiplexing of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams is apromising solution to address future bandwidth issues, but the rapidlyincreasing divergence with the mode order severely limits the practicallyaddressable number of OAM modes. Here we present a set of multi-vortexgeometric beams (MVGBs) as high-dimensional information carriers, by virtue ofthree independent degrees of freedom (DoFs) including central OAM, sub-beamOAM, and coherent-state phase. The novel modal basis set has high divergencedegeneracy, and highly consistent propagation behaviors among all spatialmodes, capable of increasing the addressable spatial channels by two orders ofmagnitude than OAM basis as predicted. We experimentally realize the tri-DoFMVGB mode (de)multiplexing and shift keying encoding/decoding by the conjugatedmodulation method, demonstrating ultra-low bit error rates (BERs) caused bycenter offset and coherent background noise. Our work provides a useful basisfor next generation of large-scale dense data communication.

Divergence-degenerated spatial multiplexing towards ultrahigh capacity, low bit-error-rate optical communications