English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Languages have diverse characteristics that have emerged through evolution.In modern English grammar, the perfect is formed with \textit{have}+PP (pastparticiple), but in earlier English the \textit{be}+PP form also existed. It iswidely recognised that the auxiliary verb BE was replaced by HAVE throughoutevolution, except for some special cases. However, whether this evolution wascaused by natural selection or random drift is still unclear. Here we examineddirectional forces in the evolution of the English perfect with intransitivesby combining three large-scale data sources: EEBO (Early English Books Online),COHA (Corpus of Historical American English), and Google Books. We found thatmost intransitive verbs exhibited an apparent transition from \textit{be}+PP to\textit{have}+PP, most of which were classified as `selection' by a deep neuralnetwork-based model. These results suggest that the English perfect could haveevolved through natural selection rather than random drift, and provideinsights into the cultural evolution of grammar.

Detecting directional forces in the evolution of grammar: A case study of the English perfect with intransitives across EEBO, COHA, and Google Books