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In millimeter-wave (MMW) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)communications, users and their corresponding base station (BS) have to aligntheir beam during both initial access and data transmissions to compensate forthe high propagation loss. The beam alignment (BA) procedure specified for 5thGeneration (5G) New Radio (NR) has been designed to be fast and precise in thepresence of non-malicious interference and noise. A smart jammer might exploitthis weakness and may launch an attack during the BA phase in order to degradethe accuracy of beam selection and, thus, adversely impacting the end-to-endperformance and quality-of-service experienced by the users. In this paper, westudy the effects of a jamming attack at MMW frequencies during the BAprocedure used to perform initial access for idle users and adaptation/recoveryfor connected users. We show that the BA procedure adopted in 5G NR isextremely vulnerable to a smart jamming attack and, consequently, we propose acountermeasure based on the idea of randomized probing, which consists ofrandomly corrupting the probing sequence transmitted by the BS in order toreject the jamming signal at the UE via a subspace-based technique based onorthogonal projections and jamming cancellation. Numerical results corroborateour theoretical findings and show the very satisfactory accuracy of theproposed anti-jamming approach.

Anti-jamming beam alignment in millimeter-wave MIMO systems