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Purpose: Primary or recurrent urethral stenosis are a common clinicalproblem. The aim of this feasibility study was development and application testof a novel radioactive catheter for potential use in LDR brachytherapy toprevent urethral stenosis. Methods: A beta radiation emitting 32P-foil wasdeveloped and integrated in an indwelling catheter, which is usually insertedafter surgical interventions in the urethra. Activity and dose distributionwere measured after neutron activation of the 31P foil component withscintillation techniques as well as radiochromic films and compared to MCsimulations. Practicability and radiation safety of this new applicator wastested on male rabbits, which underwent before catheter application a newmethod of stricture induction by radial laser light irradiation. Results:Measured dose distributions of catheters with 32P-foils were found in goodagreement with MC simulations. Wash-out test confirmed the radioactive cathetersetup to be inside the permitted limits of a sealed source. Strictures could beinduced by laser light in all animals, surgically treated by slitting andirradiation with a 7-day dose of 15 Gy or 30 Gy without adverse radiationeffects during 4 weeks observation time. Conclusions: This prove-of-conceptstudy presents a save and technically uncomplicated approach of LDRbrachytherapy intending to prevent urethral stenosis. The prescribedirradiation dose can be administered in a reproducible and precise manner usinga urethral catheter as carrier of a beta radiating foil. The study duration of63 days was too short for statistically significant stricture relatedconclusions. This approach may be considered for similar problems in otherhallow organs.

Development and preclinical test of a 32P containing PEEK foil aiming at urethral stricture prevention by LDR brachytherapy