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Flax fibre reinforced composites are becoming popular in the automotive andcivil industries due to their environmentally friendly nature in terms ofproduction and recycling and for their good specific strength. Textilestructures undergo transverse compaction during composite manufacturing whichchanges the fabric thickness and ultimately fibre volume fraction ofcomposites. Here, different flax fibre structures were investigated forcompaction behaviour during composite forming to study the thickness changes ofthese fabrics under pressures between 1 and 10 bars. A range of compositemanufacturing processes including vacuum infusion, autoclave curing and resintransfer moulding were utilised. These fabrics were studied in single and multilayer states, in dry and wet states, under different loading cycles and indifferent orientations of the fabric plies (00/00 and 00/900). Nesting of thelayers has been calculated for single plies and for multi-layer stacks of dryfabrics. It was observed that under transverse compression, the structure ofthe preform plays a vital role in determining the thickness of the preform. Thecompressibility pattern of these various structures was also dissimilar forsingle layer and multi-layer stack which was attributed to the differentnesting behaviours of these flax fibre structures.

Compaction behaviour of various flax fabric structures during composite manufacturing: mechanical characterisation and microstructural analysis