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Radio frequency wireless power transfer (WPT) enables charging low-powermobile devices without relying on wired infrastructure. Current existing WPTsystems are typically designed assuming far-field propagation, where theradiated energy is steered in given angles, resulting in limited efficiency andpossible radiation in undesired locations. When large arrays at highfrequencies, such as DMA, are employed, WPT might take place in the radiatingnear-field (Fresnel) region where spherical wave propagation holds, rather thanplane wave propagation as in the far-field. In this paper, we study WPT systemscharging multiple devices in the Fresnel region, where the energy transmitteris equipped with an emerging DMA, exploring how the antenna configuration canexploit the spherical wavefront to generate focused energy beams. Inparticular, after presenting a mathematical model for DMA-based radiatingnear-field WPT systems, we characterize the weighted sum-harvested energymaximization problem of the considered system, and we propose an efficientsolution to jointly design the DMA weights and digital precoding vector.Simulation results show that our design generates focused energy beams that arecapable of improving energy transfer efficiency in the radiating near-fieldwith minimal energy pollution.

Near-Field Wireless Power Transfer with Dynamic Metasurface Antennas