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The outbreak of COVID-19 had a huge global impact, and non-scientific beliefsand political polarization have significantly influenced the population'sbehavior. In this context, COVID vaccines were made available in anunprecedented time, but a high level of hesitance has been observed that canundermine community immunization. Traditionally, anti-vaccination attitudes aremore related to conspiratorial thinking rather than political bias. In Brazil,a country with an exemplar tradition in large-scale vaccination programs, allCOVID-related topics have also been discussed under a strong political bias. Inthis paper, we use a multidimensional analysis framework to understand ifanti/pro-vaccination stances expressed by Brazilians in social media areinfluenced by political polarization. The analysis framework incorporatestechniques to automatically infer from users their political orientation, topicmodeling to discover their concerns, network analysis to characterize theirsocial behavior, and the characterization of information sources and externalinfluence. Our main findings confirm that anti/pro stances are biased bypolitical polarization, right and left, respectively. While a significantproportion of pro-vaxxers display haste for an immunization program andcriticize the government's actions, the anti-vaxxers distrust a vaccinedeveloped in a record time. Anti-vaccination stance is also related toprejudice against China (anti-sinovaxxers), revealing conspiratorial theoriesrelated to communism. All groups display an "echo chamber behavior, revealingthey are not open to distinct views.

Analysis of the influence of political polarization in the vaccination stance: the Brazilian COVID-19 scenario