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Metastable alloys with transformation/twinning-induced plasticity (TRIP/TWIP)can overcome the strength-ductility trade-off in structural materials.Originated from the development of traditional alloys, the intrinsic stackingfault energy (ISFE) has been relied to tailor TRIP/TWIP in high-entropy alloys(HEA), but with limited quantitative success. Herein, we demonstrate a newstrategy for designing metastable HEAs and validate its effectiveness bydiscovering seven new alloys with experimentally observed metastability forTRIP/TWIP. We propose unstable fault energies as the more effective designmetric and attribute the deformation mechanism of metastable face-centeredcubic alloys to UMFE (unstable martensite fault energy)/UTFE (unstable twinfault energy) rather than ISFE. Among the studied HEAs and steels, thetraditional ISFE criterion fails in more than half of the cases, while theUMFE/UTFE criterion accurately predicts the deformation mechanisms in allcases. The UMFE/UTFE criterion provides a new paradigm for developingmetastable alloys with TRIP/TWIP for enhanced strength-ductility synergy.

Design Strength-Ductility Synergy of Metastable High-Entropy Alloys by Tailoring Unstable Fault Energies