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We propose a theoretical model to elucidate intermolecular electrostaticinteractions between a virus and a substrate. Our model treats the virus as ahomogeneous particle having surface charge and the polymer fiber of therespirator as a charged plane. Electric potentials surrounding the virus andfiber are influenced by the surface charge distribution of the virus. We usePoisson-Boltzmann equations to calculate electric potentials. Then, Derjaguin'sapproximation and a linear superposition of the potential function are extendedto determine the electrostatic force. In this work, we apply this model forcoronavirus or SARS-CoV-2 case and numerical results quantitatively agree withprior simulation. We find that the influence of fiber's potential on thesurface charge of the virus is important and is considered in interactioncalculations to obtain better accuracy. The electrostatic interactionsignificantly decays with increasing separation distance, and this curvebecomes steeper when adding more salt. Although the interaction force increaseswith heating, one can observe the repulsive-attractive transition when theenvironment is acidic.

Effects of surface charge and environmental factors on the electrostatic interaction of fiber with virus-like particle: A case of coronavirus