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This paper investigates the practical engineering problem of traffic sensorsplacement on stretched highways with ramps. Since it is virtually impossible toinstall bulky traffic sensors on each highway segment, it is crucial to findplacements that result in optimized network-wide, traffic observability.Consequently, this results in accurate traffic density estimates on segmentswhere sensors are not installed. The substantial contribution of this paper isthe utilization of control-theoretic observability analysis -- jointly withinteger programming -- to determine traffic sensor locations based on thenonlinear dynamics and parameters of traffic networks. In particular, thecelebrated asymmetric cell transmission model is used to guide the placementstrategy jointly with observability analysis of nonlinear dynamic systemsthrough Gramians. Thorough numerical case studies are presented to corroboratethe proposed theoretical methods and various computational research questionsare posed and addressed. The presented approach can also be extended to othermodels of traffic dynamics.

Where Should Traffic Sensors Be Placed on Highways?