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Cryptography in the modern era is very important to prevent a cyber attack,as the world tends to be more and more digitalized. Classical cryptographicprotocols mainly depend on the mathematical complicacy of encoding functionsand the shared key, like RSA protocol in which security depends upon the factthat factoring a big number is a hard problem to the current computers. Thismeans that high computing power can help you crack traditional encryptionmethods. Quantum machines claim to have this kind of power in many instances.Factorization of big numbers may be possible with Shor's algorithm with quantummachines in considerable time. Apart from this, the main problem is key sharingi.e., how to securely share the key the first time to validate the encryption.Here comes quantum key distribution. Two parties who are interested incommunication with each other, create a process, which claims considerablesecurity against an eavesdropper, by encoding and decoding information inquantum states to construct and share a secret key. Quantum key distributionmay be done in a variety of ways. This paper begins with experimentalverification of the BB84 procedure utilizing four bases (using phase gates)followed by the experimental realization of the SARG04 protocol which wasderived from BB84 Protocol to overcome PNS attack. The possibility of athird-party attack and the effect of noise is considered and implemented. TheIBM Quantum Experience platform was used for all of the implementations.

Experimental realization of BB84 protocol with different phase gates and SARG04 protocol