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Traditionally, caregivers, whether formal or informal, have taken theresponsibility of providing assistance and care to patients with cognitivedecline. Usually, both the caregiver and the patient are subjected to financialand emotional burdens, which impact the patient's life quality. To overcomethis issue, Ambient Assistive Living (AAL) technologies have been adopted toreplace the caregivers and complement patients' lack of intelligence.Technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)have enabled intelligent ubiquitous learning for smart buildings to monitor thecognitively declined occupants and provide in-home assistive services andsolutions. This paper aims to summarize and evaluate the intelligencecomplements provided by smart buildings that can increase the cognitivelydeclined occupants' quality of life and autonomy. Through a systematicliterature review, the authors find that most of the existing contributions aretowards identifying the occupants' behavior, and thus, to determinecorresponding assistive services and solutions. Five key research gaps areidentified, including the lack of adequate adoption of technologicalinterventions to fully support the occupants' autonomy and independence. Theauthors also propose a conceptual framework to highlight the research gaps insmart building applications for cognitively declined occupants and to map thefuture research directions.

Intelligence Complements from the Built Environment: A review of Smart Building Technologies for Cognitively Declined Occupants