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We look into minimizing the hydrogen fuel consumption of hydrogen hybridtrains by optimizing their operation. The powertrain considered is a fuel cellcharge-sustaining hybrid. Convex optimization is utilized to compute optimalspeed and energy management trajectories. The barrier method is used to solvethe optimization problems quickly on the order of tens of seconds for theentire journey. Simulations show a considerable reduction in fuel consumptionwhen both trajectories -- speed and energy management -- are optimizedconcurrently within a single optimization problem in comparison to beingoptimized separately in a sequential manner -- optimizing energy managementafter optimizing speed. It is concluded that the concurrent method greatlybenefits from its holistic powertrain knowledge while optimizing alltrajectories together within a single optimization problem.

Convex Optimization of Speed and Energy Management System for Fuel Cell Hybrid Trains