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Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has emerged as a promising technique forwireless communication networks. By dynamically tuning the reflectionamplitudes/phase shifts of a large number of passive elements, IRS enablesflexible wireless channel control and configuration, and thereby enhances thewireless signal transmission rate and reliability significantly. Despite thevast literature on designing and optimizing assorted IRS-aided wirelesssystems, prior works have mainly focused on enhancing wireless links withsingle signal reflection only by one or multiple IRSs, which may beinsufficient to boost the wireless link capacity under some harsh propagationconditions (e.g., indoor environment with dense blockages/obstructions). Thisissue can be tackled by employing two or more IRSs to assist each wireless linkand jointly exploiting their single as well as multiple signal reflections overthem. However, the resultant double-/multi-IRS aided wireless systems face morecomplex design issues as well as new practical challenges for implementation ascompared to the conventional single-IRS counterpart, in terms of IRS reflectionoptimization, channel acquisition, as well as IRS deployment andassociation/selection. As such, a new paradigm for designing multi-IRScooperative passive beamforming and joint active/passive beam routing ariseswhich calls for innovative design approaches and optimization methods. In thispaper, we give a tutorial overview of multi-IRS aided wireless networks, withan emphasis on addressing the new challenges due to multi-IRS signal reflectionand routing. Moreover, we point out important directions worthy of research andinvestigation in the future.

Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Wireless Networks: From Single-Reflection to Multi-Reflection Design and Optimization