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We present an experimental demonstration of high conversion efficiencyBetatron x-ray radiation from petawatt laser irradiated near critical plasmas.Direct laser acceleration serves as the dominant regime when laser pulse of~5e20 W/cm2 intensity is focused into plasmas with electron density of 3e20/cm3. Electron beam with a charge of ~35 nC is accelerated up to a maximumenergy of 70 MeV and emit x-rays when oscillating in the laser field. Thededuced energy conversion efficiency from laser to x-rays is up to 1e-4, ordersof magnitude higher than other betatron regimes. Enhancement of accelerationand radiation with sharp plasma density boundary is also obtained and furtherinterpretated with 2D particle-in-cell simulations.

Observation of high efficiency Betatron radiation from femtosecond petawatt laser irradiated near critical plasmas