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Health-related rumors spreading online during a public crisis may pose aserious threat to people's well-being. Existing crisis informatics researchlacks in-depth insights into the characteristics of health rumors and theefforts to debunk them on social media in a pandemic. To fill this gap, weconduct a comprehensive analysis of four months of rumor-related onlinediscussion during COVID-19 on Weibo, a Chinese microblogging site. Resultssuggest that the dread (cause fear) type of health rumors provokedsignificantly more discussions and lasted longer than the wish (raise hope)type. We further explore how four kinds of social media users (i.e.,government, media, organization, and individual) combat health rumors, andidentify their preferred way of sharing debunking information and the keyrhetoric strategies used in the process. We examine the relationship betweendebunking and rumor discussions using a Granger causality approach, and showthe efficacy of debunking in suppressing rumor discussions, which istime-sensitive and varies across rumor types and debunkers. Our results canprovide insights into crisis informatics and risk management on social media inpandemic settings.

Know it to Defeat it: Exploring Health Rumor Characteristics and Debunking Efforts on Chinese Social Media during COVID-19 Crisis