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We present a first measurement study on the adoption and actual privacy oftwo popular decentralized CoinJoin implementations, Wasabi and Samourai, in thebroader Bitcoin ecosystem. By applying highly accurate (> 99%) algorithms wecan effectively detect 30,251 Wasabi and 223,597 Samourai transactions withinthe block range 530,500 to 725,348 (2018-07-05 to 2022-02-28). We also found asteady adoption of these services with a total value of mixed coins of ca. 4.74B USD and average monthly mixing amounts of ca. 172.93 M USD) for Wasabi andca. 41.72 M USD for Samourai. Furthermore, we could trace ca. 322 M USDdirectly received by cryptoasset exchanges and ca. 1.16 B USD indirectlyreceived via two hops. Our analysis further shows that the traceability ofaddresses during the pre-mixing and post-mixing narrows down the anonymity setprovided by these coin mixing services. It also shows that the selection ofaddresses for the CoinJoin transaction can harm anonymity. Overall, this is thefirst paper to provide a comprehensive picture of the adoption and privacy ofdistributed CoinJoin transactions. Understanding this picture is particularlyinteresting in the light of ongoing regulatory efforts that will, on the onehand, affect compliance measures implemented in cryptocurrency exchanges and,on the other hand, the privacy of end-users.

Adoption and Actual Privacy of Decentralized CoinJoin Implementations in Bitcoin