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In cell membranes, proteins and lipids are organized into sub-micrometricnanodomains of varying size, shape and composition, performing specificfunctions. Despite their biological importance, the detailed morphology ofthese nanodomains remains unknown. Not only can they hardly be observed byconventional microscopy due to their small size, but there is no full consensuson the theoretical models to describe their structuring and their shapes. Here,we use a combination of analytical calculations and Monte Carlo simulationsbased upon a model coupling membrane composition and shape to show thatincreasing protein concentration leads to an elongation of membranenanodomains. The results are corroborated by Single Particle Trackingmeasurements on HIV receptors, whose level of expression in the membrane ofspecifically designed living cells can be tuned. These findings highlight thatprotein abundance can modulate nanodomain shape and potentially theirbiological function. Beyond biomembranes, this meso-patterning mechanism is ofrelevance in several soft-matter systems because it relies on generic physicalarguments.

Protein over-expression can induce the elongation of cell membrane nanodomains