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The societal issue of digital hostility has previously attracted a lot ofattention. The topic counts an ample body of literature, yet remains prominentand challenging as ever due to its subjective nature. We posit that a betterunderstanding of this problem will require the use of causal inferenceframeworks. This survey summarises the relevant research that revolves aroundestimations of causal effects related to online hate speech. Initially, weprovide an argumentation as to why re-establishing the exploration of hatespeech in causal terms is of the essence. Following that, we give an overviewof the leading studies classified with respect to the direction of theiroutcomes, as well as an outline of all related research, and a summary of openresearch problems that can influence future work on the topic.

A Survey of Online Hate Speech through the Causal Lens