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Rail transportation, especially, high-speed rails (HSR), is an importantinfrastructure for the development of national economy and the promotion ofpassenger experience. Due to the large bandwidth, millimeter wave (mmWave)communication is regarded as a promising technology to meet the demand of highdata rates. However, since mmWave communication has the characteristic of highattenuation, mobile relay (MR) is considered in this paper. Also, full-duplex(FD) communications have been proposed to improve the spectral efficiency.However, because of the high speed, as well as the problem of penetration loss,passengers on the train have a poor quality of service. Consequently, aneffective user association scheme for HSR in mmWave band is necessary. In thispaper, we investigate the user association optimization problem in mmWavemobilerelay systems where the MRs operate in the FD mode. To maximize thesystem capacity, we propose a cooperative user association approach based oncoalition formation game, and develop a coalition formation algorithm to solvethe challenging NP-hard problem. We also prove the convergence and Nashstableproperty of the proposed algorithm. Extensive simulations are done to show thesystem performance of the proposed scheme under various network settings. It isdemonstrated that the proposed distributed low complexity scheme achieves anearoptimal performance and outperforms two baseline schemes in terms ofaverage system throughput.

Coalition Game based User Association for mmWave Mobile Relay Systems in Rail Traffic Scenarios