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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming integrated into militaryCommand and Control (C2) systems as a strategic priority for many defenceforces. The successful implementation of AI is promising to herald asignificant leap in C2 agility through automation. However, realisticexpectations need to be set on what AI can achieve in the foreseeable future.This paper will argue that AI could lead to a fragility trap, whereby thedelegation of C2 functions to an AI could increase the fragility of C2,resulting in catastrophic strategic failures. This calls for a new frameworkfor AI in C2 to avoid this trap. We will argue that antifragility along withagility should form the core design principles for AI-enabled C2 systems. Thisduality is termed Agile, Antifragile, AI-Enabled Command and Control (A3IC2).An A3IC2 system continuously improves its capacity to perform in the face ofshocks and surprises through overcompensation from feedback during the C2decision-making cycle. An A3IC2 system will not only be able to survive withina complex operational environment, it will also thrive, benefiting from theinevitable shocks and volatility of war.

Agile, Antifragile, Artificial-Intelligence-Enabled, Command and Control