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In this article, we study the joint communication and sensing (JCAS) paradigmin the context of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) mobile communication networks. Wespecifically address the JCAS challenges stemming from the full-duplexoperation and from the co-existence of multiple simultaneous beams forcommunications and sensing purposes. To this end, we first formulate and solvebeamforming optimization problems for hybrid beamforming based multiusermultiple-input and multiple-output JCAS systems. The cost function to bemaximized is the beamformed power at the sensing direction while constrainingthe beamformed power at the communications directions, suppressing interuserinterference and cancelling full-duplexing related self-interference (SI). Wethen also propose new transmitter and receiver beamforming solutions for purelyanalog beamforming based JCAS systems that maximize the beamforming gain at thesensing direction while controlling the beamformed power at the communicationsdirection(s), cancelling the SI as well as eliminating the potential reflectionfrom the communication direction and optimizing the combined radar pattern(CRP). Both closed-form and numerical optimization based formulations areprovided. We analyze and evaluate the performance through extensivesimulations, and show that substantial gains and benefits in terms of radartransmit gain, CRP, and SI suppression can be achieved with the proposedbeamforming methods.

Beamformer Design and Optimization for Full-Duplex Joint Communication and Sensing at mm-Waves