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The class of semi-hard reactions represents a promising venue where toenhance our knowledge of strong interactions and deepen the aspects related tothis theory in kinematical regimes so far unexplored. In particular, the highenergies reached in electron-proton and in proton-proton collisions first atHERA and then at the LHC, allow us to study scattering amplitudes of hard andsemi-hard processes in perturbative QCD. The structure of this thesis can beconsidered twofold. On one hand, the possibility to distinguish those channelswhere at least two final-state particles are emitted with large separation inrapidity and with an untagged system, permits to test the BFKL dynamics asresummation energy logarithms in the $t$-channel. In the BFKL formalism, theMueller--Navelet jets process has been one of the most investigated reactions.With the idea of deepening our understanding of the BFKL approach, a newchannel is proposed: the inclusive production of a light charged hadron and ajet with high transverse momentum widely separated in rapidity. The importanceof this process relies in the possibility to probe a complementary region toone analyzed for the Mueller--Navelet jets. Additionally, another reaction isproposed: the heavy-quark pairs hadroproduction. On the other hand, also theclass of processes featured by the detection of a single forward object inlepton-proton collision offers the opportunity to develop intriguingphenomenological studies. In particular, the exclusive leptoproduction of lightvector mesons, $\rho$ and $\phi$, is exhaustively investigated. In thiscontext, the study of helicity-dependent observables allows us to discriminateamong several unintegrated gluon distribution models, whose original definitionnaturally encodes the BFKL-equation evolution dynamics. This kind of partondensity allows us to get access to the hadronic structure at small-$x$.

From semi-hard processes to the unintegrated gluon distribution: a phenomenological path in the high-energy framework