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The movement of subaqueous sediment in laminar shearing flow is numericallyinvestigated by the coupled lattice Boltzmann and discrete element methods.First, the numerical method is validated by comparing the phase diagramproposed by Ouriemi et al. ({\it J. Fluid Mech}., vol. 636, 2009, pp. 321-336).Second, a detailed study on sediment movement is performed for sediment withvarying solid volume fractions, and a nonlinear relationship between thenormalised thickness of the mobile layer and the normalised fluid flow rate isobserved for a densely-packed sediment. Third, an independent investigation onthe effective viscosity and friction coefficient of the sediment underdifferent fluid flow rates is conducted in a shear cell; and substitution ofthese two critical parameters into a theoretical expression proposed byAussillous et al. ({\it J. Fluid Mech}., vol. 736, 2013, pp. 594-615) providesconsistent predictions of bedload thickness with the simulation results ofsediment movement. Therefore, we conclude that the non-Newtonian behaviour ofdensely-packed sediment leads to the nonlinear relationship between thenormalised thickness of the mobile layer and the normalised fluid flow rate.

Nonlinear variation of bedload thickness with fluid flow rate in laminar shearing flow