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Colour changes can be achieved by straining photonic crystals or gratingsembedded in stretchable materials. However, the multiple repeat units and theneed for a volumetric assembly of nanostructures limit the density ofinformation content. Inspired by surface reliefs on oracle bones and musicrecords as means of information archival, here we endow surface-reliefelastomers with multiple sets of information that are accessible by mechanicalstraining along in-plane axes. Distinct from Bragg diffraction effects fromperiodic structures, we report trenches that generate colour due to variationsin trench depth, enabling individual trench segments to support a singlecolour. Using 3D printed cuboids, we replicated trenches of varying geometricparameters in elastomers. These parameters determine the initial colour (orlack thereof), the response to capillary forces, and the appearance whenstrained along or across the trenches. Strain induces modulation in trenchdepth or the opening and closure of a trench, resulting in surface reliefs withup to six distinct states, and an initially featureless surface that revealstwo distinct images when stretched along different axes. The highly reversiblestructural colours are promising in optical data archival, anti-counterfeiting,and strain-sensing applications.

Reconfiguring colours of single relief structures by directional stretching