English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

If interstellar objects originate in protoplanetary disks, they can be usedto calibrate the fraction of mass that such disks eject. The discoveries ofinterstellar objects 1I/`Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, taken together with rogueplanets statistics, allow for the calibration of mass locked in interstellarobjects in size range $\sim 10^{4} - 10^{9} \; \mathrm{cm}$. Here, we show thatat least $\sim 10\%$ of stellar mass is required to produce the observedpopulation of interstellar objects, with a 95\% confidence interval spanning$\sim 2\% - 50\%$. We call this quantity the Minimum Ejection Fraction (MEF),representing a new constraint on planetary system formation that necessitatesan order of magnitude more mass to be processed per star than in the MinimumMass Solar Nebula (MMSN) model. Future discoveries of interstellar objects withLSST on the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will provide a test of our predictionsand improve the statistics.

Preliminary Evidence That Protoplanetary Disks Eject More Mass Than They Retain