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Significance: Speckle has historically been considered a source of noise incoherent light imaging. However, a number of works in optical coherencetomography (OCT) imaging have shown that speckle patterns may contain relevantinformation regarding sub-resolution and structural properties of the tissuesfrom which it is originated.  Aim: The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of themethods developed for retrieving speckle information in biomedical OCTapplications.  Approach: PubMed and Scopus databases were used to perform a systematicreview on studies published until April 2021. From 134-screened studies, 37were eligible for this review.  Results: The studies have been clustered according to the nature of theiranalysis, namely static or dynamic, and all features were described andanalysed. The results show that features retrieved from speckle can be usedsuccessfully in different applications, such as classification andsegmentation. However, the results also show that speckle analysis is highlyapplication-dependant, and the best approach varies between applications.  Conclusions: Several of the reviewed analysis were only performed in atheoretical context or using phantoms, showing that signal-carrying speckleanalysis in OCT imaging is still in its early stage, and further work is neededto validate its applicability and reproducibility in a clinical context.

Signal-carrying speckle in Optical Coherence Tomography: a methodological review on biomedical applications