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As one of the most promising applications in future Internet of Things,Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has been acknowledged as a fundamental technologyfor developing the Intelligent Transportation Systems in smart cities. With theemergence of the sixth generation (6G) communications technologies, massivenetwork infrastructures will be densely deployed and the number of networknodes will increase exponentially, leading to extremely high energyconsumption. There has been an upsurge of interest to develop the green IoVtowards sustainable vehicular communication and networking in the 6G era. Inthis paper, we present the main considerations for green IoV from fivedifferent scenarios, including the communication, computation, traffic,Electric Vehicles (EVs), and energy harvesting management. The literaturesrelevant to each of the scenarios are compared from the perspective of energyoptimization (e.g., with respect to resource allocation, workload scheduling,routing design, traffic control, charging management, energy harvesting andsharing, etc.) and the related factors affecting energy efficiency (e.g.,resource limitation, channel state, network topology, traffic condition, etc.).In addition, we introduce the potential challenges and the emergingtechnologies in 6G for developing green IoV systems. Finally, we discuss theresearch trends in designing energy-efficient IoV systems.

Green Internet of Vehicles (IoV) in the 6G Era: Toward Sustainable Vehicular Communications and Networking