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Pandora is a SmallSat mission designed to study the atmospheres ofexoplanets, and was selected as part of NASA's Astrophysics Pioneers Program.Transmission spectroscopy of transiting exoplanets provides our bestopportunity to identify the makeup of planetary atmospheres in the comingdecade. Stellar brightness variations due to star spots, however, can impactthese measurements and contaminate the observed spectra. Pandora's goal is todisentangle star and planet signals in transmission spectra to reliablydetermine exoplanet atmosphere compositions. Pandora will collect long-durationphotometric observations with a visible-light channel and simultaneous spectrawith a near-IR channel. The broad-wavelength coverage will provide constraintson the spot and faculae covering fractions of low-mass exoplanet host stars andthe impact of these active regions on exoplanetary transmission spectra.Pandora will subsequently identify exoplanets with hydrogen- or water-dominatedatmospheres, and robustly determine which planets are covered by clouds andhazes. Pandora will observe at least 20 exoplanets with sizes ranging fromEarth-size to Jupiter-size and host stars spanning mid-K to late-M spectraltypes. The project is made possible by leveraging investments in otherprojects, including an all-aluminum 0.45-meter Cassegrain telescope design, anda NIR sensor chip assembly from the James Webb Space Telescope. The missionwill last five years from initial formulation to closeout, with one-year ofscience operations. Launch is planned for the mid-2020s as a secondary payloadin Sun-synchronous low-Earth orbit. By design, Pandora has a diverse team, withover half of the mission leadership roles filled by early career scientists andengineers, demonstrating the high value of SmallSats for developing the nextgeneration of space mission leaders.

The Pandora SmallSat: Multiwavelength Characterization of Exoplanets and their Host Stars